A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, the Toronto Carrying-Place Trail, led to widespread use of the name. The name Toronto is derived from indigenous sources. The Algonkian Mississaugas then moved into the York region, created alliances with the former Iroquoian residents, and established their own settlements one near the former Seneca village of Teiaiagon on the Humber River. By 1701, the Iroquoian villages that had been established along the north shore of Lake Ontario during the sixteenth century had been abandoned. When Europeans first arrived at the site of York, the vicinity was inhabited by the Iroquoian Seneca tribe (from the Five Nations Iroquois of New York State), who by then had displaced the Wyandot (Huron) tribes that had occupied the region for centuries before c. 2.3.4 Incorporation as City of Toronto, 1834.2.3.3 Grand Convention of Delegates, 1834.By 1830, this led to an ongoing political conflict, which would later lead to the 1837 Upper Canada Rebellion. During its existence, the town did not have its own government it was governed by the province of Upper Canada, with a mix of elected officials and an aristocracy known as the Family Compact controlling the government. In the 1820s, the town experienced a surge of immigrants, expanding from 1,000 residents to over 9,000 by the time the town was incorporated as the City of Toronto in 1834. Dundas Street was built to connect York to towns to the west. A permanent fort, Fort York, was built on the site of the garrison. A new parliament building was erected, near the original location, but this burned down and a new building was built in the new lands to the west. A retribution attack was made on the American capital of Washington.Īfter the war was over, the town continued to grow, expanding to the west, leaving the original town site, a less desirable location, somewhat undeveloped. The Americans chose not to occupy the town and the British eventually returned without conflict. The victorious Americans sacked the town and burned down the government buildings. As the British Army retreated, it blew up the garrison, leading to the death of numerous American soldiers and the American general commanding the attack.
The garrison was attacked during the War of 1812. One of the new area's public functions, a public market, was started in 1803. In 1797, the town site was expanded to the west to allow for public buildings and expansion. To the east, Kingston Road was built to the mouth of the Trent River. Yonge Street was built, connecting York to the Holland River to the north. Government buildings and a law court were established. The original townsite was a compact ten blocks near the mouth of the Don River and a garrison was built at the channel to Toronto Harbour. That year Simcoe returned to Britain and was temporarily replaced by Peter Russell. Simcoe gave up his plan to build a capital at London, and York became the permanent capital of Upper Canada on February 1, 1796. Simcoe renamed the location York after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, George III's second son. It was established in 1793 by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe as a "temporary" location for the capital of Upper Canada, while he made plans to build a capital near today's London, Ontario. It is the predecessor to the old city of Toronto (1834–1998). York was a town and second capital of the colony of Upper Canada.
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